Knowledge and Religious Experience

What is the character and general structure of the universe in which we live? Is there a permanent element in the constitution of this universe? How are we related to it? What place do we occupy in it, and what is the kind of conduct that befits the place we occupy? These questions are common to religion, philosophy, and higher poetry. But the kind of knowledge that poetic inspiration brings is essentially individual in its character; it is figurative, vague, and indefinite. Religion, in its more advanced forms, rises higher than poetry. It moves from individual to society. In its attitude towards the Ultimate Reality it is opposed to the limitations of man.

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Allama Iqbal Mother

The Futurist

I am the poet of tomorrow, claimed Dr Allama Iqbal who was a great Muslim philosopher-poet of the Subcontinent. Any man who has a bit understanding of Iqbal would bear me out that he was a man with profound knowledge of history, religion, political science, philosophy, literature, and modern sciences.

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Father of Allama Iqbal

Iqbal and Secularism

Iqbal believes that the ultimate basis of all life, according to Islam is spiritual and this eternal principle reveals itself in variety and change. He states: “A society based on such conception of reality must reconcile in its life, the categories of permanence and change”. Evidently the category of permanence is observance of religious obligations whereas the category of change is the Quranic laws respecting worldly affairs. This distinction is accepted by Iqbal who is of the view that the Shariah laws pertaining to Muaamlaat are subject to the law of change through the process of Ijtehad.

Nice one

The Perfect Man of Iqbal

The Idea of Perfect Man, Mard-e-Momin, Mard-e-Khuda, Sheikh, Kamil, Faqir, Banda-e-Haq, Qalander and Banda-e-Hur are not unfamiliar. Rumi is probably the first Muslim thinker who has presented a complete picture of Perfect Man. There are other Muslims who also put forward theories of Perfect Man. Ibn-i-Muskwaih had undoubtedly initiated the idea which found its culmination in Rumi.

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A photograph of 1899

Iqbal - The Internationalist

The aftermath of the War of Independence of 1857 had kept the Muslims sad, sullen and inactive. It was Sir Syed who learnt and who taught his people that it was necessary for the Muslims to be educated that they must know and understand the superior scientific methods of the West, and thus be able to keep pace with other people in the race for self-realization and self-assertion.

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Earlier Years

Iqbal - The Innovator

Scholars of Iqbaliat are aware that Iqbal is a multi-dimensional personality and his thought can be examined from different angles. However, the basic idea on which he constructed the superstructure of his philosophy and contributed to the cultural renaissance of Islam is his concept of the "Self". With his emphasis on the "Self", Iqbal desired the re-birth of the spirit of inquisitiveness and defiance among the Muslims so that they as individuals and as a society re-discovered their lost position in the fields of creativity and innovation.

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Iqbal with His Son

Islamic Inspirations of Iqbal

Supercharged with emotion, highly potent and productive are the couplets of Iqbal containing his Islamic inspirations, and these have assumed special significance, importance and value today when there is an upsurge of feeling of fraternity and good will through-out the world of Islam … I present my own translations of Iqbal below in the hope that it will serve to sustain, nourish and further develop the forces of unity, solidarity and co-operation amongst Muslims the world over. In his own words:

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Iqbal at Qartaba Mosque

Brief Life Sketch of Allama Muhammad Iqbal

Iqbal was born on 9th November, 1877 at Sialkot. His father, Nur Muhammad was a deeply religious man with mystic knowledge. Iqbal’s mother Imam Bibi, was also a religious woman.
Iqbal began his education in a Maktab (Religious School). He was, however, fortunate to have a teacher in the person of Moulvi Syed Mir Hassan (1844-1929) who was an excellent teacher and a great scholar of Persian and Arabic. Syed Mir Hassan was quick to recognize Iqbal’s talent. It was under Mir Hasan that Iqbal developed interest in Persian and Arabic languages and literature. It was on Mir Hassan’s advice that Iqbal was sent to the Scotch Mission School at Sialkot. He passed his matriculation in 1893, and joined the Scotch Mission College (now called Murray College) for his intermediate examination.

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